Non si conosce il nome di questa città romana sulle rive dell’Ebro, anche se alcuni esperti ritengono che potrebbe trattarsi di Castra Aelia, un accampamento romano di seconda linea che divenne una città con un grande foro dopo la sconfitta dei Celtiberi a Numancia
La città, che fu costruita inizialmente come accampamento militare, esistette solo per un breve periodo di tempo perché le prove suggeriscono che fu cancellata durante un conflitto noto come Guerre Sertoriane all’inizio del I secolo a.C. La guerra sertoriana fu un sanguinoso conflitto militare che ebbe luogo in Hispania, tra gli anni 82 a.C. e 72 a.C. e tra le due fazioni che si disputavano il potere a Roma: i popolari di Quinto Sertorio e gli ottimati di Quinto Cecilio Metello e Gneo Pompeo Magno. “Questo drammatico evento ha contribuito a fare [La Cabañeta] uno dei siti chiave per la conoscenza della presenza romana all’interno della penisola iberica” in questo periodo, Unizar Borja Díaz, condirettore dei recenti scavi presso l’Università di Lo ha affermato Saragozza, Spagna, in un comunicato stampa. Borja Díaz: “Era una città disposta secondo una griglia utilizzando una pianificazione urbana ortogonale. Inoltre, sono state rinvenute un numero significativo di iscrizioni latine realizzate su ceramiche e altri supporti, il che dimostra che le persone che abitavano lì scrivevano e parlavano in latino. La funzione principale della città era forse quella di fungere da punto di ingresso e di ridistribuzione delle merci che arrivavano lungo il fiume. Quel che è certo è che intorno agli anni 70, appena sei o sette decenni dopo la sua costruzione, venne raso al suolo, come dimostrano i livelli di incendio rilevati e l’abbondante materiale archeologico abbandonato dai suoi abitanti. Non escludiamo nemmeno il ritrovamento di resti umani”. Gli scavi di quest’anno si sono concentrati sulla parte centrale del sito, dove il team ha scoperto i resti di un’enorme piazza. La piazza è incorniciata da un portico e circondata da una serie di ambienti che su di essa si aprivano, forse destinati ad attività commerciali. Nella parte centrale del sito, tra le terme e i magazzini, si trova il foro. “Si tratta di una grande piazza porticata”, aggiunge Díaz, “sulla quale si aprivano una serie di ambienti probabilmente destinati a locali commerciali”. Secondo l’esperto doveva avere “un aspetto monumentale”. “Si tratta di un ritrovamento di eccezionale importanza, non solo per le sue dimensioni e complessità architettonica, ma perché si tratta della più antica piazza civica rinvenuta fino ad oggi all’interno della penisola iberica, la cui scoperta contribuirà a trasformare radicalmente la nostra conoscenza dell’iniziale fase della diffusione dei modelli architettonici romani in Hispania”, ha detto. La funzione principale della città che un tempo sorgeva a La Cabañeta potrebbe essere stata un punto di ingresso e di ridistribuzione delle merci che arrivavano lungo il fiume, ha detto Borja Díaz a El País . “Siamo in un sito molto vecchio. L’esistenza di complessi monumentali simili con questa epoca non è comune, nemmeno in Italia, dove sono poche le città che forniscono un’immagine così chiara dell’urbanistica romana del II secolo a.C.. Ci fornisce un quadro prezioso della fase formativa del modello di forum di piazza che finirà per essere standardizzato” nei periodi successivi, ha detto Borja Díaz al media spagnolo El País. Anche se alcuni studiosi ritengono che possa essere correlato all’insediamento di Castra Aelia menzionato nelle fonti storiche, il nome dell’antica città romana è ancora sconosciuto.
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