Il 13 dicembre è il giorno più corto dell’anno?

Il 13 dicembre si festeggia Santa Lucia, che si dice essere il giorno più corto dell’anno. Ma se state pensando di usarlo come scusa per non avere tempo per fare tutti i compiti. Vi state sbagliando perché non è vero! Secondo la tradizione “Santa Lucia è il giorno più corto che ci sia”. Ma è davvero il 13 dicembre il giorno più breve dell’anno?

In realtà il giorno più corto è il 21 dicembre, cioè il solstizio d’inverno. Il termine solstizio deriva dal latino solstitium, ed è composto da sol, che vuol dire sole e sistere, che significa fermarsi (perché nei giorni attorno al solstizio il sole sembra tramontare sempre nello stesso punto). Dal punto di vista astronomico, il solstizio d’inverno è il giorno dell’anno in cui il sole, a mezzogiorno, passa più basso sull’orizzonte. È (anche) per questo che fa così freddo!

PERCHÈ C’É IL DETTO “SANTA LUCIA È IL GIORNO PIÙ CORTO CHE CI SIA?” In effetti il 13 dicembre il sole tramonta prima del 21 dicembre, ma anche l’alba giunge in anticipo e dunque le ore di luce rimangono superiori a quelle del solstizio. La vera ragione del motto però è più “politica”. Nel papa 1582 infatti, Papa Gregorio XIII volle cancellare le differenze tra il calendario civile e quello solare (o giuliano, in onore di Giulio Cesare) e istituire un nuovo, unico sistema: il calendario gregoriano appunto, che poi è quello che usiamo oggi. Per effettuare questa riforma, Papa Gregorio eliminò i giorni dal 6 al 12 ottobre 1582, che di fatto non sono mai esistiti! In questo modo il solstizio d’inverno, che secondo il vecchio sistema cadeva proprio tra il 12 e 13 dicembre, passò all’attuale 21 dicembre, che è ufficialmente il giorno più corto dell’anno!

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