La pelle fossilizzata più antica ha 288 milioni di anni

Come una lucertola preistorica ci svela i segreti dell’evoluzione della pelle dei vertebrati terrestri. Un ritrovamento eccezionale in Oklahoma ha permesso di scoprire la pelle fossilizzata di un rettile vissuto 288 milioni di anni fa –molto prima dell’era dei dinosauri–, che presenta caratteristiche uniche e sorprendenti, e ci aiuta a capire come si è sviluppata quella dei vertebrati terrestri.

La pelle è il più grande organo del corpo umano, e anche quello più esposto agli agenti esterni, infatti ci protegge dalle infezioni, dalle lesioni, dalle radiazioni, dalle variazioni di temperatura e dalla disidratazione, senza dimenticare che ci permette anche di percepire il mondo attraverso il tatto, il dolore, il calore e il freddo. La pelle è anche un elemento distintivo della nostra identità, che riflette il nostro sesso, la nostra età, la nostra salute e la nostra origine. Ma come si è formata? Quando e come ha acquisito le sue funzioni e le sue caratteristiche? Quali sono state le tappe principali della sua evoluzione? A queste domande cerca di rispondere uno studio che descrive la scoperta della pelle fossilizzata più antica del mondo, appartenuta a una lucertola vissuta 288 milioni di anni fa, almeno 45 milioni di anni prima del primo dinosauro. La pelle fossilizzata è una scoperta da record, questo perché la pelle non si fossilizza bene, quindi nelle rare occasioni in cui ne troviamo alcune in cui le condizioni erano così perfette, l’esemplare ha un valore inestimabile. Più si va indietro nel tempo, più è probabile che un fossile sia stato distrutto da processi geologici, di conseguenza, trovare pelle fossilizzata del Paleozoico (539-252 milioni di anni fa) è così improbabile che pochi cacciatori di fossili se lo sognano.

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