Il Commodore 64 è stato il computer per le masse, non per le classi agiate. Forse un po’ troppo limitato dal punto di vista tecnologico. Una volta si diceva che la prima auto degli italiani, quella sulla quale centinaia di migliaia di persone avevano imparato a guidare e a girare il Paese, fosse stata la Topolino del 1936. Poi la 500 (quella originale, del 1957), l’auto per milioni di famiglie italiane. E poi la Panda, la Uno, la Punto. Ma qual è stata l’utilitaria di massa, quella che ha fatto muovere i primi passi nell’informatica a milioni di persone domanda
Quel computer si chiama Commodore 64 ed è “nato” esattamente 40 anni fa. È il computer dell’azienda americana Commodore International, fondata da uno degli immigranti più straordinari della storia degli Stati Uniti, cioè Jack Tramiel. Nato Idek Trzmiel da una famiglia ebrea polacca nel 1928 e deportato nel 1939 da Auschwitz in un campo di lavoro, liberato nell’aprile del 1945 dagli americani, Tramiel era immigrato poco dopo negli Usa dove aveva fatto il riparatore di macchine fotografiche e il tassista, tra gli altri lavori. E poi aveva messo su una azienda in Canada per la vendita e la riparazione di macchine per scrivere, che negli anni Cinquanta-Sessanta erano un grande business. Seguendo una intuizione non diversa da quella di Adriano Olivetti, aveva capito che il passaggio successivo era l’automazione degli uffici grazie alla nascente informatica. Ibm, che era una azienda che produceva macchine per scrivere prima di lanciarsi nei computer, lo dimostrava proprio in quegli anni.
La traiettoria elettronica di Tramiel era iniziata con le calcolatrici e poi era passata attraverso il Giappone e il Texas, dove negli anni Sessanta aveva cominciato a mettere assieme pezzetti di tecnologie (la MOS Technology e il produttore di seminconduttori IC) per le calcolatrici. Il suo uomo di punta, il vero genio dietro i computer di Tramiel, cioè Chuck Peddle, intuì che il futuro erano però i computer da ufficio (e non i mainframe) grazie allo sviluppo dei semiconduttori e Tramiel costruì attorno al processore 6502 della MOS Technology il Commodore Pet nel 1977. Erano gli anni dell’Apple II e dell’Atari 800. Commodore si trovò di fronte una notevole competizione alla quale rispose prima con l’interlocutoria Commodore Vic-20 nel 1980 e poi, due anni dopo, con il Commodore 64 Il Commodore 64 o CBM-64 o C64, è stato un computer da record al quale sono stati dedicati interi libri. In produzione per più tempo (dal 1982 al 1994, ben 28 anni) e soprattutto il punto di partenza per due o tre generazioni di utenti informatici della prima ora. Sul suo Basic, il suo Assembly, con i suoi 64 KB di Ram, dischi e unità a nastro, decine di espansioni, sistemi operativi alternativi, modem e sistemi di gestione per BBS o navigare la rete una biblioteca di titoli software pressoché infinita e in cui si trova tutto, dai giochi di avventura agli arcade, dalla videoscrittura, sistemi gestionali, dal software didattico a quello musicale.
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