Abbiamo la prima prova dell’esistenza di anidride carbonica su un pianeta a 700 anni luce da noi Non smette di meravigliare: Questo tipo di scoperte scientifiche permette di ricostruire l’origine e l’evoluzione del cosmo e del nostro sistema solare. Il telescopio james webb ha rilevato dell’anidride carbonica nell’atmosfera di un esopianeta, ossia un pianeta esterno al sistema solare. La CO2, una componente essenziale che fa parte dell’atmosfera terrestre, è stata intercettata dal James Webb Space Telescope nell’atmosfera di WASP-39b, un esopianeta che ruota attorno a una stella simile al Sole, e distante circa 700 anni luce dalla Terra.
È la prima volta che c’è una prova inconfutabile della presenza di CO2 in un esopianeta che ruota attorno a una stella simile al Sole. «Rilevare un segnale così chiaro di anidride carbonica su Wasp-39b fa ben sperare per il rilevamento di atmosfere su pianeti più piccoli», ha dichiarato Natalie Batalha dell’Università della California a Santa Cruz, a capo del team di ricercatori che col telescopio Webb studia l’atmosfera degli esopianeti. «Appena abbiamo visto i dati era chiaro che si trattasse di una scoperta spettacolare», ha invece dichiarato Dominique Petit dit de la Roche, scienziata dell’Università di Ginevra e co-autrice dello studio. Quando un pianeta transita direttamente davanti alla sua stella, una parte della luce di essa passa attraverso il corpo celeste prima di raggiungere il telescopio. «L’atmosfera in quel momento filtra certi colori più di altri», ha spiegato Monika Lendl, docente all’Unige, nonché coautrice dello studio. E utilizzando il telescopio James Webb per decomporre la luce nei suoi colori «è stato possibile identificare le caratteristiche dei diversi gas che compongono l’atmosfera», ha spiegato Lendl. Con questo metodo è stato possibile rilevare una sorta di «impronta digitale» di CO2 nella luce che attraversa l’atmosfera di WASP-39b.
L’individuazione certa della presenza di CO2 nell’atmosfera degli esopianeti è un passo fondamentale nella ricerca di sistemi che potrebbero aver ospitato o potrebbero ospitare diverse forme di vita. Come spiegato da Mike Line dell’Arizona State University, grazie a questo tipo di scoperte «possiamo determinare quanto materiale solido o gassoso è stato utilizzato per formare il pianeta: nel prossimo decennio, Webb effettuerà questa misurazione per una varietà di pianeti, fornendo informazioni dettagliate su come si formano, e sull’unicità del nostro Sistema solare». Insomma, l’importanza di quest’ultima scoperta sta nel fatto che studiandone gli elementi costituenti è possibile capire meglio l’origine e l’evoluzione non solo del cosmo, ma anche di riformulare – forse – meglio l’origine dei nostri atomi, a posteriori. Del resto, come diceva una canzone, L’universo non muore mai.
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