PIEVE SANTO STEFANO – ARCHIVI DIARI – cogliamo l’occasione per leggere insieme alcune righe tratte da uno dei diari conservati in archivio e presentare Un viaggio dispari, nuovo progetto, secondo noi, da non perdere. Donne creative che uniscono le proprie idee per dar vita a nuovi spazi di riflessione e narrazione, donne che di un pezzo di carta hanno fatto il proprio manifesto dove apporre pensieri, paure e speranze. Donne sempre coraggiose, irriducibili e sognatrici.
Sono le donne, colleghe e amiche, che non smettono mai di ricordare, attraverso il racconto, suggestivo e intenso, verso nuove riflessioni. Ma sono anche le donne che popolano le pagine dei nostri diari, come Laila Malavasi. Sono tutte le donne.
Laila Malavasi nasce a Roncolo di Quattro Castella (Reggio Emilia), nel 1921.
Seppur di origini contadine e di gestione patriarcale, la famiglia è lontana dallo stereotipo per la grande rilevanza che, al suo interno, viene data alla cultura: il padre aveva studiato musica, tutti gli appartenenti al ramo paterno avevano lavorato negli uffici comunali di Vezzano e, come l’autrice stessa ricorda, tra giochi o giornalini per ragazzi la scelta ricadeva quasi sempre sui secondi, eccezion fatta per «Il Balilla» in quanto la famiglia era di estrazione antifascista e di orientamento socialista.
La riconosciuta centralità della cultura e dell’istruzione non permettono comunque alle donne della famiglia di essere alla pari degli uomini: relegata a ruoli di accudimento della casa e della prole, «la donna era impedita nella sua iniziativa, doveva badare alla casa», scrive Laila.
Nel 1927 il fascismo comincia a pesare sulla sua quotidianità. Uno dei casi che riporta nel suo diario è, ad esempio, quello della «tessera della piccola italiana».
Gli orientamenti politici, che tanto hanno condizionato la sua esistenza («la scelta politica a tempo pieno ha influito moltissimo nella mia vita») la porteranno a entrare nella Resistenza e, successivamente, a scegliere di non sposarsi né avere figli così da poter accettare ruoli dirigenziali nel sindacato o nel partito, anteponendo dunque le scelte professionali a quelle personali e private.
Nel gennaio del ’45, c’era stata l’approvazione diritto di vito alle donne, e io sono stata una delle prima donne a votare, sia nel referendum che nelle elezioni.
I partiti della sinistra erano profondamente consapevoli che la religiosità delle donne era soggetto di ricatto religioso, per cui dovevi fare un profondo lavoro proprio per riuscire a superare il ricatto, la paura dell’inferno, insomma, perché poi le cose erano queste. […] Si andava a casa a parlare con le donne, andavamo a insegnare a votare; la parola d’ordine era insegnare a votare perché c’era anche l’esigenza di un insegnamento tecnico, non avevamo mai votato e questo era per tutti, e poi anche il superamento dell’emozione: oddio, quando sono là dentro! Una donna di settant’anni, che sapeva miseramente far la croce, da sola dentro la cabina dove deve decidere. È stato un lavoro enorme, casa per casa. E non abbandonavi. Siamo andate tutte a votare con una paura di sbagliare che non dico, anche chi andava a insegnare diceva: “ma avrò fatto bene?”. Si aveva perfino paura che la riga diventasse torta cioè quando facevi la croce che anche questo portasse danno.[…] Proprio per la situazione in cui erano le donne, anche per me, nonostante fossi stata partigiana, non è stato facile accettare un ruolo pubblico, la militanza per tutta la vita. Su di me ha sempre pesato il tipo di educazione ricevuta. Sono pochissime le volte che, anche ufficialmente, ho fatto dei grandi interventi; ho parlato, sia ai congressi anche della Cgil, però mi è sempre costato molta fatica perché quello che è nella tua formazione te lo trascini e difficilmente riesci a smantellarlo; però io aveva fatto una scelta, e come carattere quando faccio una scelta, a meno che non mi renda conto che non posso andare avanti, do il meglio. Ho dato fino in fondo il meglio di me stessa per riuscire a superare le difficoltà che incontravo e che pur tutta via hanno sempre pesato su di me. Da parte delle donne vi era ammirazione, stimolo, aiuto perché si capiva l’esigenza che qualcheduna facesse; dicevano: “meno male che ci sei tu!”, “Meno male, vorrei riuscire anch’io”. C’era questo tipo di solidarietà fra le donne, cioè la consapevolezza dell’utilità del lavoro che facevo io, per loro e per la società. […] Subito dopo la guerra, assieme a tutti i problemi contrattuali, i problemi dei diritti dei lavoratori, per le donne era necessario creare le condizioni, perché potessero lavorare senza che tutto pesasse su di loro. Si partì sul problema della tutela della maternità, e si conquistarono sei settimane di riposo prima del parto e due mesi dopo il parto; poi si conquistò le camere di allattamento, un’ora al mattino, un’ora al pomeriggio, per cui la madre poteva, se era vicino, abbandonava il lavoro andava a allattare poi tornava dentro. […] Poi c’era il problema degli asili. […] Abbiamo ottenuto anche le lavanderie popolari. […] Sono delle conquiste molto lente perché combatti una tradizione, un costume, una mentalità.
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