Cicerone tra i più grandi difensori della repubblica si era scagliato dai banchi del senato contro i politici corrotti e i nemici dello stato come Catilina. Aveva assistito impotente all’ascesa di Pompeo e di Giulio Cesare, alla cui morte reagì con un misto di sorpresa, orrore e gioia, presto sopita di fronte alla mancanza di iniziativa dei congiurati. Cercò allora di utilizzare nella sua battaglia contro Marco Antonio, il giovane Gaio Ottaviano, futuro imperatore Augusto, ma con la nascita del secondo triumvirato (Marco Antonio, Ottaviano e Lepido) le sue speranze di vedere restaurata la repubblica finirono definitivamente.
La vendetta di Marco Antonio fu inesorabile e spietata. Cicerone tentò una disperata fuga cercando di imbarcarsi dal porto di Gaeta, per rifugiarsi in Grecia, era il 7 dicembre del 43 a.C. Nel frattempo i soldati di Marco Antonio giunti alla sua villa interrogarono il liberto di nome Filologo che tradì il suo padrone indicando ai sicari il percorso seguito dalla lettiga su cui viaggiava Cicerone. Plutarco descrisse così la scena: «In quel momento arrivarono il centurione Erennio e il tribuno dei soldati Popilio il quale, accusato una volta di parricidio, era stato difeso dallo stesso Cicerone […] Cicerone, accortosi che Erennio si avvicinava di corsa, ordinò ai suoi servi di fermarsi e deporre la lettiga. Toccandosi il mento con la mano sinistra, com’era solito fare, fissò in volto i suoi carnefici, sporco di polvere, i capelli arruffati e il viso contratto dall’angoscia; cosicché in molti si coprirono gli occhi per non vedere Erennio che lo sgozzava. Cicerone sporse il collo fuori dalla lettiga, e in quella posizione morì, a quasi 64 anni. Per ordine di Antonio gli furono tagliate la testa e le mani con cui aveva scritto le Filippiche; testa e mani che in seguito furono esposte come trofei su quelle stesse tribune dove pochi mesi prima Cicerone era stato acclamato dalla folla, perché tutti i romani potessero vederle. Ma non era ancora finita. Racconta Cassio Dione, infatti, che Fulvia, la moglie di Antonio, prese la testa, aprì la bocca, estrasse la lingua che aveva parlato contro il marito e la trafisse con lo spillone che usava per raccogliere i capelli.
Fonte storica: Plutarco, Cicerone 48, 2-5
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