la pizza non è nata dalla sera alla mattina, e sicuramente non è mai stata quella specie di canotto che ci propongono oggi. La pizza ha avuto un evoluzione, prova per esempio ad immaginare come poteva essere la pizza prima della scoperta delle americhe e quindi del pomodoro.
Ma vediamo insieme cosa ho trovato con le mie ricerche, e soprattutto scrivi nei commenti se vedi degli errori o se conosci dei dettagli in più perchè di storie sulla pizze pare ve ne siano diverse anche se ho cercato di scremare tutte le bufale.
LE ORIGINI ANTICHE
(Prima della pizza moderna)L’idea di mettere degli ingredienti su una focaccia o un pane piatto è antichissima e risale a tempi pre-romani. Già i Greci e i Fenici preparavano delle focacce piatte condite con olio, erbe e spezie, che possono essere considerate antenate della pizza. Anche i Romani avevano una focaccia chiamata “puls focacius”, cotta su pietra, a cui aggiungevano condimenti semplici.Tuttavia, la pizza come la conosciamo oggi è nata a Napoli. La svolta decisiva è arrivata con l’introduzione di un ingrediente fondamentale: il pomodoro, portato in Europa dalle Americhe nel XVI secolo. Per molto tempo, il pomodoro fu considerato velenoso e utilizzato solo come pianta ornamentale. Ma nel XVII secolo, i napoletani iniziarono a usarlo come condimento sul pane.
LA NASCITA DELLA PIZZA MODERNA A NAPOLI (XVIII-XIX SECOLO)
La pizza come prodotto tipico napoletano comincia a diffondersi nel XVIII secolo, soprattutto tra le classi popolari. A Napoli, si preparavano delle focacce piatte condite con pomodoro, basilico, olio d’oliva e talvolta aglio o formaggio. Questo piatto era economico, gustoso e nutriente, perfetto per i lavoratori.Le prime pizze erano vendute dai pizzaioli ambulanti, che giravano per le strade di Napoli con dei forni portatili. ( e qui vedo il genio napoletano eh)Solo successivamente si cominciarono ad aprire le prime pizzerie vere e proprie.
LA PIZZA MARGHERITA E LA VISITA DELLA REGINA MARGHERITA
(1889)Il momento storico più importante e documentato nella nascita della pizza moderna è legato alla Regina Margherita di Savoia, moglie di Re Umberto I d’Italia.Nel giugno del 1889, la Regina Margherita si trovava in visita a Napoli e chiese di assaggiare il famoso piatto popolare di cui aveva sentito parlare: la pizza. Il pizzaiolo Raffaele Esposito, della storica pizzeria “Pietro… e basta così” (oggi conosciuta come Pizzeria Brandi), preparò per lei tre pizze diverse:Pizza alla Mastunicola (con strutto, formaggio e basilico)Pizza alla Marinara (con pomodoro, aglio, origano e olio)Pizza con pomodoro, mozzarella e basilicoLa terza pizza piacque particolarmente alla regina, sia per il sapore sia perché i suoi colori ricordavano la bandiera italiana: verde (basilico), bianco (mozzarella) e rosso (pomodoro).In segno di omaggio, il pizzaiolo battezzò quella pizza con il nome di “Pizza Margherita”. Questo episodio è considerato l’atto di nascita ufficiale della pizza moderna.Esiste anche una lettera di ringraziamento firmata dal capo della Casa Reale, che conferma l’incontro tra la Regina Margherita e Raffaele Esposito, ancora oggi conservata nella pizzeria Brandi.
LA DIFFUSIONE della PIZZA NEL MONDO
La pizza rimase un fenomeno prevalentemente locale a Napoli fino all’inizio del XX secolo, quando iniziò a diffondersi in altre città italiane. Tuttavia, la vera espansione della pizza nel mondo avvenne con l’emigrazione italiana, soprattutto verso gli Stati Uniti, a partire dalla fine dell’Ottocento.Negli Stati Uniti, la pizza fu inizialmente preparata dagli immigrati napoletani, ma con il tempo si adattò ai gusti locali e nacquero varianti come la New York-style pizza o la Chicago deep dish.
DOCUMENTI STORICI
IMPORTANTI SULLA NASCITA DELLA PIZZA
Lettera della Casa Reale del 1889: Conservata nella Pizzeria Brandi a Napoli, è la prova storica dell’incontro tra Raffaele Esposito e la Regina Margherita.Scritti del XIX secolo: Diversi scrittori e viaggiatori, come Alexandre Dumas padre (autore de “I tre moschettieri”), hanno descritto la pizza napoletana nei loro diari di viaggio.Pizzerie storiche: Pizzerie come Antica Pizzeria Port’Alba (aperta nel 1738) e Pizzeria Brandi (aperta nel 1780) sono ancora oggi in attività e rappresentano luoghi simbolo della storia della pizza.
CURIOSITÀLa parola “pizza” compare per la prima volta in un documento del 997 d.C. in un contratto scritto in latino a Gaeta, nel Lazio.La “Marinara” è una delle pizze più antiche ed è chiamata così perché era il pasto preferito dei pescatori (“marinai”) napoletani.
LA PIZZA OGGI:
PATRIMONIO UNESCO
Nel 2017, l’Arte del pizzaiuolo napoletano è stata riconosciuta come Patrimonio Immateriale dell’Umanità dall’UNESCO, a testimonianza del valore culturale e storico della pizza.e chiudo…, la pizza è nata a Napoli come un piatto umile e popolare, ma è diventata un simbolo della cultura italiana nel mondo grazie alla sua semplicità, ai suoi sapori unici e alla sua lunga tradizione.Scrivi nei commenti qualche anedoto o altre storie che non ho riportato io, curiosità o quello che vuoi, nei commenti qui sotto.
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