Agosto 1916 Gorizia

Da più di un anno, italiani e austriaci non facevano che scavare trincee per combattere e cimiteri per seppellire. In quei mesi, per Luigi Cadorna, il nome di Gorizia era diventato un’ossessione. Ora, con gli austriaci impegnati nei Balcani e in Galizia, e con un esercito italiano che contava un milione di uomini più dell’anno prima, sembrava arrivata l’occasione buona. In mano c’era anche l’arma nuova: la bombarda. Ottocento pezzi capaci, si pensava, di spazzare via i reticolati come carta velina.

Cadorna preparò un colpo rapido, puntando ancora una volta all’Isonzo. Il 6 agosto partì la Sesta battaglia. Gli austriaci, che avevano alleggerito quel settore per rinforzare il Trentino, non si aspettavano un attacco simile. Li colpì l’artiglieria, un concentrato mai visto di cannoni e bombarde. Il fuoco aprì il terreno, sradicò i reticolati, schiacciò trincee e ricoveri e le colline intorno a Gorizia venivano mangiate dalle fiamme. Poi l’ordine: «Avanti!». I fanti partirono con la baionetta in canna. Passarono nel fango, scavalcarono fili spinati, si gettarono nelle trincee nemiche. In poche ore presero il Sabotino, il Podgora, il San Michele: terreno che fino al giorno prima sembrava imprendibile. Combatterono casa per casa, strada per strada. Dopo due giorni, gli imperiali si ritiravano, mentre sul castello di Gorizia sventolava il tricolore. Era la prima vera vittoria dall’inizio della guerra. Ma era costata cara: 51.000 italiani contro 37.000 austriaci. L’Italia esultò. I giornali parlarono di “porta aperta verso Trieste”. Ma chi conosceva il Carso sapeva che quella porta dava su un corridoio stretto e lungo, con un nemico ancora in piedi.

La vittoria rialzò il morale del Paese, scosso a maggio dalla Strafexpedition, quando si era temuto di vedere il nemico in casa. Due settimane dopo, il governo Boselli dichiarò guerra anche alla Germania. Per chi era tornato vivo da Gorizia, quella rimase una parentesi di gloria, ma il resto della guerra sarebbe stato, ancora una volta, fatto di fango e di sangue.

39 thoughts on “Agosto 1916 Gorizia

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